ABSTRACT
PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of reflective trainings for nursing students on their critical thinking disposition. METHODS: A total of 157 senior undergraduate nursing students sampled from Hainan Medical University in China participated in this study in 2014. They were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group students were provided the reflective training during their entire 12-month clinical internship, whereas students in the control group were requested to keep their reflective diaries but without a formal training. Before and after the intervention, nursing students' critical thinking disposition was rated using the Chinese version of Critical Thinking Disposition Inventory (CTDI-CV). RESULTS: Before the start of the intervention, the critical thinking disposition scores of the two groups had no significant differences. At the end of the intervention, it was found that the experimental students performed better in each subscale of CTDI-CV. These include the search for truth, open mind, analytical ability, systematic ability, critical thinking, self-confidence, curiosity, and cognitive maturity. By summing the scores of all categories, the results showed that the experimental group had a significantly higher total score than that of the control group (p ≤ .044). Evaluating the score difference in each function indicated that there was a range of improvements on the critical thinking disposition because of the reflective training intervention. CONCLUSION: Reflective training during the internship period improves nursing students' disposition of critical thinking and promotes their readiness for their clinical practices in the rapidly increasing demands of the healthcare field.
Subject(s)
Humans , Asian People , China , Delivery of Health Care , Education, Nursing , Exploratory Behavior , Internship and Residency , Nursing , Students, Nursing , ThinkingABSTRACT
Objective To investigate the factors for the difficulty of removing intrauterine devices(IUD)and preventive measures among women in perimenopausal and menopausal period.Methods The IUDs were taken out among 192 women from family planning clinics and the influential factors for the outcome of removing IUD such as age,menopausal years were summarized through the statistical analysis.Results Among 192 cases of IUD removal, 163 cases went smoothly,the percentage was 84.90%,but the process of 29 cases was difficult,the percentage was 15.10%.The age,menopausal years,IUD positioned period,regular physical examination,cervical atrophy degree and intrauterine adhesion were the statistical factors to IUD removal(χ2 =6.740,7.429,11.235,8.443,11.998,9.016, all P 0.05 ). Conclusion The important way to prevent and solve the difficulty of IUD removal is supervising women to take regular physical examination,learn more knowledge about IUD,remove IUD during half a year after menopause in order to increase the success rate and safety.
ABSTRACT
After sequencing, we amplified and cloned foot-and-mouth disease virus (FMDV) O/QYYS/s/06 whole genome by three fragments. These three fragments were cloned into vector P43 one by one to construct recombinant plasmid P43C, which carried the full-length cDNA of FMDV O/QYYS/s/06. Then, plasmid P43C and plasmid T7 expressing T7 RNA polymerase were co-transfected into BHK-21 cells. After 48 h, we harvested the culture broth from transfected BHK-21 cells and inoculated into 2-3 day-old sucking mice. After four generation passage, the virus harvested from sucking mice was confirmed to be type O FMDV by the indirect hemagglutination test, sucking mice's neutralization test and sequencing. The results showed that we have successfully constructed the full-length cDNA clone of FMDV O/QYYS/s/06 strain.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Animals, Newborn , Cloning, Molecular , DNA, Complementary , Genetics , DNA, Viral , Genetics , Foot-and-Mouth Disease , Virology , Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus , Classification , Genetics , Virulence , Transcription, Genetic , TransfectionABSTRACT
We studied the immunogenicity of pseudorabies virus gC DNA vaccination by fusing the murine complement C3d receptor binding domain. First, pseudorabies virus gC gene was linked to four copies of C3d receptor binding domain (M284), and then cloned into the vector pcDNA3.1 to construct the recombinant plasmid sgC-M284. Through the experiment of immunized BALB/c mice, we found that the enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) antibody titer for sgC-M284 was 17-fold higher than that for sgC alone, and protective rate of mice was augmented from 25% to 88% after lethal dose PrV (316 LD50) challenge. In addition, the IL-4 levels for sgC-M284 immunization approached that for the pseudorabies virus inactivated vaccine. In conclusion, we demonstrated murine C3d receptor binding domain fusion significantly increased Th2-biased immune response by inducing IL-4 production.
Subject(s)
Animals , Mice , Adjuvants, Immunologic , Physiology , Antibody Formation , Allergy and Immunology , Binding Sites , Cloning, Molecular , Complement C3d , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , Herpesvirus 1, Suid , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , Interleukin-4 , Allergy and Immunology , Mice, Inbred BALB C , Pseudorabies Vaccines , Allergy and Immunology , Receptors, Complement 3d , Genetics , Recombinant Proteins , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , Swine , Vaccines, DNA , Allergy and Immunology , Viral Envelope Proteins , Pharmacology , Viral Fusion Proteins , Allergy and ImmunologyABSTRACT
We constructed a recombinant plasmid encoding VP1 gene of O type foot-and-mouth disease virus fused to a molecular adjuvant, goat complement C3d gene. The goat C3d gene was cloned and three copies were tandem-linked with the linker (G4S)2 sequence. VP1 gene of O type foot-and-mouth disease virus was linked to three tandem repeats of C3d through the linker sequence and cloned into pUC19 to obtain the recombinant plasmid pUC19-VP1-C3d3. The VP1-C3d3 fusion gene was then subcloned into the eukaryotic vector pcDNA3.1(+) that had been modified to contain the tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) leader sequence to obtain pcDNA3.1-tPA-VP1-C3d3. HeLa cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1-tPA-VP1-C3d3 by Lipofectamine 2000. Indirect immunofluorescent assay and Western blot assay showed that VP1-C3d3 fusion gene was successfully expressed in HeLa cells. The fusion protein with the expected size 133 kD could be secreted outside the cells. This study laid a good foundation to further research on the novel vaccine against foot-and-mouth disease virus by using goat C3d as a molecular adjuvant to enhance the immunogenicity of VP1.
Subject(s)
Animals , Female , Humans , Capsid Proteins , Genetics , Cloning, Molecular , Complement C3d , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , Foot-and-Mouth Disease Virus , Genetics , Goats , HeLa Cells , Immunologic Factors , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , Plasmids , Genetics , Recombinant Fusion Proteins , Genetics , Allergy and Immunology , TransfectionABSTRACT
Objective To study the role of psychological factors in the onset of psoriasis,to investigate the role of monoamine substances in the course of psychological factors-associated psoriasis,and to reveal the psychoneurologic pathogenesis of psoriasis.Methods The psychological factors were assessed with life events scale and questionnaire of A character.The serum levels of norepinephrine(NE),dopamine(DA)and5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid(5-HIAA)were detected with high-performance liquid chromatography(HPLC).Results It was shown that there was an overall tendency of weak A character and moderate depression and anxiety in psoriasis patients.The concentrations of NE,DA and5-HIAA were higher in psoriatic patients than those in normal controls(P